2008年5月2日星期五


,係寫嘢、畫嘢嘅架生,由有長條狀、7 - 20 cm 長嘅筆身筆杆,加埋出會固態或液態顏色筆嘴組成。筆大至以出嘅顏色嘅物料、用途為分類嘅基礎。

歷史
冇人知一支「筆」幾時出現,筆同畫嘢寫字有唔可分割嘅關係,最早畫或寫嘅嘢間接暗示一支筆嘅出現。𠵱家搵倒最早嘅「畫」就係響公元前三萬到二萬年嘅洞穴壁畫,響西班牙山洞 Cueva de las Monedas 裏面嘅壁畫就有 32,000 年嘅歷史,The paintings were drawn with red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal. It is not hard to imagine that the primitive people required tools to applies the color pigments onto the wall. That tools might be the first pen.
The early known written text could be traced back to the Sumerian, that is 6000 B.C.E. The Cuneiform script, the first written language, was "written" on the clay tablet using a "stylus". Those tools our ancessors used cannot considered as what we today think as pen. They are rather the precussor of pen.
In the meantime, the development of pen was parallel yet independent in many culture. China for example, developed a very different writing instrument for their needs. Chinese brush (毛筆) was the answer to writing for need for the Chinese.

第一支筆
The oldest exciting Chinese brush were found on the 春秋戰國時期的古墓 in 1953 on 湖南長沙市左家公山. The basic of the Chinese brush consists of bamboo boby and the rabbit hair tip which absorbs "ink" and release it as it has contact with the written surface.

毛筆
Marked by the perfect Chinese brush in the East and the Feather pen in the West. For thousand years, those technologies evolved little.

Ancient Time
The modern time demarcates the pen truly portable, reliable and usable pen. The creation of ball pen and feel tip marker is the milestone of the development.

Modern Time
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_pen#History
http://www.classicwoodpens.com/fphistory.htm
http://www.rickconner.net/penspotters/history.html

墨水筆
The first marker was probablythe felt tip marker, created in the 1940's. It was mainly used for labeling and artistic applications. In 1952, Sidney Rosenthal began marketing his "Magic Marker" which consisted of a glass bottle that held ink and a wool felt wick. By 1958, marker use was becoming common, and people used it for lettering, labelling, marking packages, and creating posters.
Highlighters and fine-line markers were first seen in the 1970's. Permanent markers also became available around this time. Superfine-points and dry erase markers gained popularity in the 1990's.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpen.htm

筆 唔係筆嘅筆
因為筆通常都係直嘅,所以個【筆】字就有時會用嚟加強「」嘅意思,例如【筆直】、「西裝筆挺」等。

2008年5月1日星期四


楊啟彥GBSCBEJP1941年2007年2月8日),喺香港出世,前香港政府官員,曾經擔任九廣鐵路公司主席行政總裁

學歷

工作
大學畢業之後,楊啟彥喺1962年香港政府做嘢,前後做咗公務員超過30年。早期,佢做政務主任,1963年做助理華民政務司,之後曾經被調去多個唔同嘅職位,1971年升做高級政務主任,1973年升做首長級丙級政務官,1978年升做首長級乙級政務官。1991年,佢成為第一位華人庫務司,1993年又調任運輸司,直至到去1994年以司級政務官嘅身份退休。

ledaily.atnext.com/images/apple-photos/apple/20070629/small/29la9p2.jpg" alt="楊啟彥" align="left" style="padding:10px" /> 政府工作

1963年 助理華民政務司
1965年 新界民政署行政助理
1968年 社會福利署高級行政助理
1970年理財政司
1974年 助理經濟司
1975年 教育司署助理署長
1976年理財政司
1980年 工商署
1982年 副經濟司
1986年 工業署署長
1989年 教育統籌司
1991年 庫務司
1993年6月 運輸楊啟彥 職銜
退休之後,楊啟彥曾經喺私人機構信和集團做嘢,1996年12月,政府委任楊啟彥做九廣鐵路公司主席同埋行政總裁,之後,俾傳媒揭發楊啟彥將九鐵公司變做「獨立王國」,加上揭發西鐵西門子事件,令到政府下決心整頓九鐵公司嘅管理同營運。2001年12月,政府委任田北辰做九廣鐵路公司主席,楊啟彥就繼續擔任行政總裁。田北辰同楊啟彥都係喺拔萃男書院畢業,田北辰係佢嘅師弟,喺記者會上,楊啟彥話田北辰係佢嘅好朋友,但係田北辰當住佢面回應:「希望你唔好介意,我哋唔係好好嘅朋友」,令到場面尷尬。田北辰亦都曾經喺立法會會議上,批評楊啟彥同其他九鐵管理層「有傲氣」。2003年,政府唔同楊啟彥續約,楊啟彥只係淨噃香港職業訓練局主席哩一項職務。
特首曾蔭權曾經講過楊啟彥喺任內,積極發展九鐵網絡,並且成功向世界各地嘅財團集資興建九鐵新支線 。

其他公職

不列顛帝國司令勳章(CBE)
1997年 香港運輸學會資深會員
1998年 香港管理專業協會會士
2005年7月 金紫荊星章(GBS)
太平紳士(JP)